View source for CyberpunX Replay Manual

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22:31, 14 September 2010 (UTC)
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__TOC__

[[:Category:Cartridge_FAQ|Cartridge FAQ]] may resolve conversion and usage questions.

[[Retro Replay Flashing]] was completely removed from the standard manual and is available separately.


=Intro=

This manual is based on [[Action Replay MK6 Manual Project64.txt]] and contains changes and additions for the [[CyberpunX Replay]] ROMs.

=THE STARTUP MENU=

''Although only F1, F3, F5 and F7 are displayed, there are more options''

The screen looks like this:

<pre>
F1 - CONFIGURE MEMORY
F3 - NORMAL RESET
F5 - UTILITIES
F7 - INSTALL FASTLOAD
</pre>
The '''complete''' key setup is:

<pre>
F1 - Configure Memory            - Fills RAM with $BD and does a normal reset
F2 - Configure Memory            - Fills RAM with $00 and does a normal reset
F3 - Normal Reset
F4 - Unused yet
F5 - Utilities
F6 (or '0') - Configure Memory   - Fills RAM with $00 and jumps to fastload
F7 - Install Fastload
F8 (or 'b') - Configure Memory   - Fills RAM with $BD and jumps to fastload
</pre>

Please note, that the keys B and 0 are presets only and [[#ROM Configuration|can be changed]].

'''NORMAL RESET''' switches the cartridge off, making it invisible to the system.

'''CONFIGURE MEMORY''' fills memory with a single Byte value before resetting. This makes the CyberpunX Replay's
Backup Compaction System more efficient. You should select this option before loading a program 
to be backed up.

=MAKING BACKUPS=

A Backup is a complete, working copy of any program. Retro Replay makes
backups by taking a 'snapshot' of the whole of the computers memory, together
with all graphics and timing information, which is then saved in compacted form
to disk.


==PREPARING TO MAKE A BACKUP==

Have a blank disk ready for saving the backup. If a disk is new it needs to be
formatted (see [[#THE UTILITIES MENU]]). Select CONFIGURE MEMORY from the
Startup Menu.

==THE BACKUP PROCESS==

Load the program you wish to copy. When the program has loaded and is running,
it may be frozen at any time by pressing the Freeze Button. Select BACKUP from
the Freeze Menu. The border will flash for 10-20 seconds while the compactor is
operating, after which the program is ready to save.

==SAVING TO DISK==

Backups can be saved to disk in different styles:
<pre>
1. TURBO    - Single file using the CyberpunX Replay Standard Turbo.
2. STANDARD - Uses the normal kernal routines, or FAST DOS parallel routines if
              available. Programs over 202 blocks are saved in two parts.
</pre>

Select the desired option and enter the filename of your choice (up to 15
characters). Press RETURN to start the Save. If the drive fails to respond
switch it off / on and try again. This is not usually necessary, but may be
important if the original was a commercial disk program.

All being well, your backup is now complete. You may now save again with a different
style, restart the program, or exit as required. If there is insufficient space on the disk,
you will receive the message &quot;DISK FULL&quot;. Insert a fresh, formatted disk and
try again. On average 3 backups will fit on one disk side.

''The Devicechange (F1) was altered here to accept recognized drives (by the
internal cart routine) at any device between 8 and 30. This affects the Freeze
Menu and the Utilities Menu. If your exotic hardware is not properly recognized
and therefore skipped, visit me sometime with that particular device. :)''

==HOW TO LOAD YOUR BACKUPS==

LOADING FROM THE DIRECTORY WITH FASTLOAD

<pre>
1. Press F3 or $ (string) to display the Disk Directory (press STOP if a long
   directory scrolls the screen or CBM or CTRL to slow down scrolling).

2. Move the cursor over the name of the program you wish to load.

3. Press F1 and the program will load and run.
</pre>

==LOADING WITHOUT THE CARTRIDGE PRESENT==

If you saved your backup with the TURBO or STANDARD option, you will be able to load your backup 
in again using standard kernal routines whenever the program is below 202 blocks. Larger backups 
HAVE to be saved in two parts using the STANDARD save option on the freeze menu to retrive them 
on a standard 64.

The &quot;LOADER&quot;, which was a stand-alone program able to load files greater than 202 blocks, was
removed to save space.

==TROUBLE SHOOTING==

*PROGRAM WILL NOT SAVE TO DISK.

Try switching the drive off and on before starting to save. If you get &quot;DRIVE
NOT READY&quot; it probably means that the disk is unformatted. Format the disk and
try again. &quot;DISK FULL&quot; means that there is insufficient free space for the
program. Use a fresh disk. Other error messages may indicate a faulty disk.

''Switching the drive off/on will re-enable the drive saving in some
cases when IRQ or Fast-Loaders kept the serial bus busy.''


*PROGRAM TO BE COPIED WILL NOT LOAD.

Switch the computer off and on and select NORMAL RESET from the Startup Menu
before loading the program. A few programs will not load if a disk drive is
present. Switch the drive off and switch on after freezing the program.



=GRAPHICS FACILITIES=

==THE SPRITE KILLER==

To operate the Killer, freeze the program and select SPRITE KILLER. You may
then disable collisions between two sprites or collisions between sprites and
background data or both. The program will then restart and, if successful, you
will find that when two sprites collide nothing happens. You can then sail
through the whole program without losing a life.

Results will vary from program to program. Shapes which appear to be sprites may actually 
be user defined characters, or the programmer may be using coordinate information rather than
the VIC system to detect collisions. In such cases the Sprite Killer will have no effect. In 
general, the Killer is more effective on older programs.

''Note for the interested:''

The routine is looking for LDX/LDY/LDA $d01e/$d01f and replaces it by either
LDA/LDX/LDY #$00 and NOP. Easy pattern searching.

I haven't found a single AR version having this option completely right. All
cart versions I found are looking for both collision types even when looking for
just one collision type.

==THE SPRITE MONITOR - to be revised==

==SAVING PICTURES (and more)==

Multicolour pictures may be saved to disk. Freeze the program when the required picture is 
displayed, select SAVELAND from the menu and follow the on-screen prompts. Press RUN/STOP 
to return to the Main Menu.

The Saveland allows you to save Charsets, ScreenRam, ColorRam, Hires Bitmaps and Memory 
Locations as well as Koala pictures.

''Keep in mind these limitations:''

*Saving a charset won't work when having a Koala Pic frozen.
*Attempting to save the character ROM will result in the RAM beneath it being saved. ($1000, $9000)
*The Color RAM is saved uncleaned. Will clean it in the future and probably add the option to save it packed.
*Saving memory from $0000 to $ffff will also include the last byte at $ffff it appears. Further testing on all options needed. :)

==PRINTER DUMP==

This option is gone, only printing in BASIC and stuff still works.

@P* and @P** still work ofcourse (See [[#CENTRONICS PRINTER INTERFACE|CENTRONICS PRINTER INTERFACE]].)

==THE TEXT EDITOR==

This allows you to edit a frozen text based screen. You can use all the normal screen editing keys, 
such as the CURSOR keys, INSERT, DELETE, etc., plus some extra ones:
<pre>
CTRL-I  inserts a line
CTRL-D  deletes a line.
F3      changes the border colour
F5      changes the background colour.
F7      Toggles the Position Display On and Off (NEW!)
</pre>

You can change the text colour in the normal way - hold down the CTRL or CBM key
and press keys 1-8. Press RETURN to exit.

The editor works with text based screens only - you cannot get useful results on a bitmapped 
screen. Also, if the program uses a different character set, the display characters may not 
correspond with those printed on the keyboard, so a little experimentation may be necessary
- try pressing SHIFT and CBM together to change characters.

The screen editor can be used to insert your own messages on the game title screens. It is 
also a useful programming aid, because the cursor column and row, and the screen address are 
displayed - which helps in designing screen layouts.

The editor replaces the Text Modifier in old Editions of the cartridge.
<pre>
  Changes here:
  R/S now exits the Editor
  F7 - Display Toggle.
  Return and Shift-Return act normal, no more screen scrolling on them as well.
</pre>
People complained about the display and/or textscreen having the wrong address,
but I cannot find the reason, if that really happens. The current textscreen
address is calculated from the VIC and should be fine.

Text searching is more easily achieved via the monitor. Enter the monitor and
type I (RETURN). This displays memory in the form of screen codes. You can scan
through the whole of the memory looking for text strings - to change any text
simply type over it and RETURN. Make sure you don't type over non-text areas.

You can also display ASCII codes by typing J (RETURN). Type X to leave the
monitor. Refer to [[#MACHINE CODE MONITOR|MACHINE CODE MONITOR]] for more details.

----
=POKES & PARAMETERS=
==HOW TO ENTER==

Computer magazines used to publish &quot;pokes&quot; which can be entered into programs to
add features such as infinite lives to game programs. These usually require the machine to be reset. 

To reset the machine, press the RESET button and select
NORMAL RESET from the startup Menu. In addition, the cartridge allows you to
enter pokes after a program has been frozen. Select POKES, enter the required
poke or pokes (one at a time), and press RUN/STOP. The program can then be
restarted.

''It is possible to enter decimal and hexadecimal notations in mixed order
here. You need to enter a leading string ($) for the hexadecimal numbers, of course.''
'''Examples:'''
<pre>
  POKE $f,255
  POKE 1024,$4e
  POKE $fce,$ea 
  POKE 1,0
</pre>

==THE POKEFINDER GENERAL==

This is an automatic infinite lives finder for games. Until now finding pokes was a difficult 
long-winded procedure requiring specialized knowledge. Using Pokefinder, you can generate that 
elusive poke, even if you don't understand a word of machine code!

<pre>
Just follow this procedure:

1) Load up and run your game. When play starts note how many lives you
   begin with and press the Freeze Button.

2) Select POKEFINDER. You will be asked 'HOW MANY LIVES NOW?' - enter the
   number of lives you started with. Pokefinder will now analyze the memory and
   display a list of possible pokes. Usually there will be many of these, so you
   will be prompted to 'LOSE A LIFE AND REFREEZE'.

3) Restart the game and continue to play until you lose a life. Make sure that
   you lose ONE LIFE ONLY. Wait for any &quot;death sequence&quot; to complete. When play
   resumes, press the Freeze Button.

4) Select POKEFINDER again. You will get one of three messages:

   a) LOSE A LIFE AND REFREEZE - go back to 3 above.
   b) ABORTED - Pokefinder has failed.
   c) INSTALLED - the poke (or pokes) have been found and entered into the program.
      Write down the displayed poke(s) for future use. If Pokefinder fails it may
      be because the programmer used an unusual method of counting the number of
      lives remaining. However it can be that you got the starting number of lives
      wrong or accidentally lost more than one life between passes - so its worth
      going through the procedure again in case you made a mistake the first time.
      Tests show a success rate of over 80% - very high for this type of program.
      Some multiload programs need a different poke for each level in which case
      you should repeat the above procedure after each Load.
</pre>

''If the border starts to flash while searching for codes, there is a buffer overflow.''

I added additional searching for screencodes, which should increase possibilities of finding 
valid codes just a little. I found that SBC #$01 hunting would be senseless. :)

Also values between 1 and 255 work now, so there's an even higher chance to find timetrainers 
and the like. Previous AR carts only used the very last digit entered as a search value.

If the usual search fails, the experienced poke hunter searches for the last digit on lives/timer/energy.
Another reason for not finding a valid code may be hex/dec usage. 

==PARAMETER==

The parameter option allows you to load enhancement programs from disk, which can fulfill actions 
the normal CyberpunX Replay software is not able to.

'''The options to load from tape using &quot;T.&quot; as prefix, or loading NOVAload parameter files to backup 
NOVAload protected games have been removed'''.
The only parameters currently accepted have to start with &quot;E.&quot; as a prefix.

You can find additional information on programming your own extension in the coding appendix. Don't
worry, I am planning on extending this menu sometime in the future, so it will become more useful again. :)

=THE UTILITIES MENU=

The Utilities Menu is accessed from the Startup Menu. Some of the utilities can
also be called from Fastload (see [[#FASTLOAD UTILITIES|FASTLOAD UTILITIES]]).

''The Devicechange (F1) was altered here to accept recognized drives (by the
internal cart routine) at any device between 8 and 30. This affects the Freeze
Menu and the Utilities Menu. If your exotic hardware is not properly recognized
and therefore skipped, visit me sometime with that particular device. :)''

==FORMATTING A DISK==


When a disk is new it needs to be formatted before if can store any
programs. When you select this option you will be asked to enter the
disk NAME, which can be any name up to 16 characters in length, and the ID
number which can be any two characters. Press RETURN and the disk will be
formatted at high speed.

The directory of the disk will be displayed. Occasionally, fast formats do not &quot;take&quot;
first time. If the directory does not show 664 BLOCKS FREE, try again and everything
should be OK. If a disk consistently fails to format, a faulty disk is indicated.

NOTE: Formatting a disk destroys any previous information which may have been on the 
disk. Be certain that you have the correct disk inserted before selecting this option.

==THE DISK FILECOPIER==

The Filecopier will handle Program, Sequential and User files up to 247 blocks in length.
The utility can be used with one or two drives. The MULTI OUTPUT option allows 
several copies to be taken from each pass.

When you have selected your options, press SPACE and each file in the directory will be
displayed in turn. Press Y if you want to copy that file, otherwise press N and if will
be ignored. Any file which cannot be handled (e.g. Relative Files), will be skipped. Press S to 
start copying, else copying will begin when you reach the end of the directory.

At the end of the directory, the selected files will be loaded. Several passes may be necessary, depending
on the length and number of files selected. You will be prompted to swap disks when necessary. The SOURCE 
DISK is the disk which is being loaded FROM and the TARGET DISK is the disk which is being saved TO. The 
Target Disk(s) should be formatted in advance.

'''NOTE''': The Filecopier cannot copy the Action Replay Loader.

==THE WHOLE DISK COPIER==

The Disk Copier is for the 1541 (and compatibles) only. You can use the copier with one or two 1541 
drives. With a single drive you will be prompted to insert the Source and Destination Disks in turn.

BAM COPY - If selected, only the occupied tracks will be copied. This can save
a lot of time when copying partially filled disks.

IGNORE ERRORS - if selected, the written data will not be checked.
Otherwise, the written data will be verified against memory - this takes
longer but gives greater security for important data.

NOTE: If you have any difficulty in using the disk copier with the 1570 or 1571 drives, enter 
the following disk command: @U0>M0 <RETURN> This forces the drive into 1541 mode.

NOTE: Any deleted Warp files on the disk may cause spurious error reports. Also, it is possible that valid 
Warp files will also cause errors.

==FASTLOAD UTILITIES==

FASTLOAD is the turbo and utilities function of CyberpunX Replay. Operating in the BASIC environment, 
numerous extra commands and facilities are available. To install, select INSTALL FASTLOAD from the 
Startup Menu, or hold down the CBM key when you power up or press the Reset Button.

==THE RAMLOADER==

RAMLOADER is a Disk Turbo - but a very special one. Special because it is fast - very fast! It uses 
standard GCR format, so it works with all your existing programs without special conversion. RAMLOADER 
will load a 202 block program in around 9 seconds, where the typical Disk Turbo would take between 
20-30 seconds, and can not load files of any length. It is fully independent of computer memory. It 
works with all drives from the 1541 upwards (including the 1581, and the 1571 in two-sided mode).

The Disk Turbo can be switched out with the command OFF. Load and Save will then operate using the standard 
Kernal calls. Type ON to re-enable the Turbo.

The Ramloader can be switched off and on with the commands @K- and @K+. This
reduces loading speed to Freeze Turbo but doesn't blank the screen during load. (and won't kill already 
loaded Parameter Extensions in RAM)

''Ninja/The Dreams reported functionality of the Ramloader on FD drives
as well. Also CMD HD devices shouldn't cause major trouble, since I used one 6
years ago with the cart. The saver doesn't work for FD drives, though. Will
try to fix that sometime soon.''

'''NOTE''': Some commercial programs may override the Disk Turbo.

==THE WARP*25 DISK TURBO==

Warp*25 was removed completely to gain space on the ROM.

It was 1541 compatible only anyways and had load, save and scratch routines which
ate quite a lot of memory.

==THE TURBOLINKER==

When you load and run a commercial program with Fastload, you will often find that the cartridge 
Turbo System is disabled for any subsequent Load/Save operations. This can be remedied by the Turbolinker.

Select TURBOLINKER from the menu and select the device to be linked. Then restart the program.

Loads and Saves will now be redirected to that device. Note that if the program incorporates it's own
Turbo system, or does not use the Kernal Load/Save commands, then the Turbolinker will not work.

''Basically the load/save vectors are set to the cartridge routines and therefore allow
programs to use the cartridge even after $fd15 was called and the kernel defaults are set.
Note: :) I think the most popular program on which this is helpful is Amica Paint (and FLIP),
where the turbolinker speeds up slideshows A LOT. :)''

==SINGLE STROKE COMMANDS==

To make your programming life easier, a number of single stroke commands are
available from Fastload:

'''1)''' FUNCTION KEYS

<pre>
F1 LOAD the first file on the disk to it's absolute address. (LOAD &quot;0:*&quot;,8,1)
F2 LOAD the first file on the disk to the Basic program area. (LOAD &quot;0:*&quot;,8)
F3 Display disk directory without corrupting memory
F4 Toggle available drives.
F5 LIST
F6 Freeze Menu
F7 RUN
F8 MON [[#MACHINE CODE MONITOR|See here]]
</pre>
''There have been some complains about this F-key setup, but this is the 
original setup and I didn't change it.''

'''Note:'''
''For drive toggle, the Jiffydos routine will be used if available (Tested with  JD 6.01), 
else my own routine will search for the next available drive on the bus. Tested in monitor and freezemode.
Be careful on a busy drive chain when IRQ loaders and the like keep the serial bus for themselves.
JiffyDOS supplies drive checking up to drive #30, and so do I. (RamLink is said to use Device 16.
When JD is smashed into Kernal by RL, it should be reached by the JD routine then. Bug reports welcome.)''


'''2)''' EASY LOAD/SAVE COMMANDS
<pre>
/PROGNAME equals to LOAD &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8,1
^PROGNAME equals to LOAD &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8 & RUN (Arrow Up)
%PROGNAME equals to LOAD &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8,1 & RUN
&amp;PROGNAME equivalent to VERIFY &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8,1
{POUND_SIGN}PROGNAME equals to SAVE &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8

</pre>
Loading with these commands will only set the Basic End pointers if the program 
loads to the start of Basic. Also, the Filename does not corrupt the Basic 
String area. Very long files can be saved with the {POUND_SIGN} command where 
the normal save command would give an OUT OF MEMORY ERROR.

LOADING FROM THE DIRECTORY

If you display the directory and then move the cursor onto a line containing an 
entry, you can load that program simply by pressing F1 to load and run or F2 to
load without running. This is a very convenient way of loading a program.

'''3)''' EASY ACCESS TO THE ERROR CHANNEL.

Instead of using OPEN 15,8,15 &quot;COMMANDSTRING&quot;:CLOSE 15, you may use the &quot;@&quot; key
to send disk commands and read the error channel:

<pre>
@          - reads the error channel of the current device.
@(device)  - Switches to (device) and displays the status.
@#(device) - Stupidly writes (device) to 186/$ba witout status message. (This
             option is used by the F4 toggle, but the F4 device toggle
             previously scans the devices from current up to #30 to ensure a 
             drive is present at the selected address.)
@I         - initialize the drive
@V         - validate (cannot be used on Warp*25 disks)
@R:NEW=OLD - rename a file.
@N:NAME    - clear the directory of a previously used disk.
@N:NAME,ID - format a new disk.
@$ or $    - display directory.
@S:NAME    - scratch (delete) a program from the disk.
@H:NAME,ID - a new command not available in the normal DOS. This changes the 
             name and ID of the disk without clearing the directory.
</pre>
''NOTE: @s:name1,name2,name3,names*  also works.

Initialize was added here to re-read the drive buffer, so the next hit on F3 will really show you 
a new header on the dir.''

@K- and @K+ control the fastload-mode. While @K+ gives you the normal fastload speed, @K- will switch 
to the slower speeder used by the freezer. The advantages of @K- are simple:

a) The Replay RAM is kept, so previously loaded extensions stay in RAM.

b) Programs can sometimes be loaded from bad disks using this mode.

c) PAL/NTSC compatibility.


@=8 and @=9 will change the current device to the given device number.

''This is a sort of drive toggle, like some old copy programs provide it. Use the logical 
turn-off/on drive sequence to avoid device number collisions. This command is and will stay 
limited to drive 8 and 9, but SHOULD be able to change e.g. device 11 to 9. This command should 
work fine with 1541 and 1581 drives, as the required Zeropage adresses on the drive memory are
used the same way. I am not sure about FD drives, as I found no documentation about them so far.''

Hints:

If you use a two drive system, the second drive can be accessed by reading its error channel, e.g. @9.
Subsequent single stroke commands will be directed to device 9. If a filename contains leading or trailing
spaces, it should be enclosed in quotes, e.g. &quot;&nbsp;PROGNAME&quot;.

And you may also use: @(device)(command) to change to the device and immediately execute the 
command (e.g. @8$ or @9n:test,id).

Consult your disk drive manual for further information about the error channel.

'''ARE YOU SURE?''' has been removed - so be careful again on scratch and format.


==SPLASHSCREEN==

A funky name for a (hopefully) useful function.

'''2)''' CBM-key along with an F-Key!

Using CBM and F1 or CBM and F3 allows you to switch between different copies of the
normal screen area ($0400-$0800).
Our main intention was to save some output of e.g. the monitor to another
screen to not always have to re-search the memory or keep adresses in mind for
examining routines. You may find different usages for this option though. :)
These areas are kept untouched (as far as possible) and serve you with a
reset-proof ramdisk even.

32kb ROMs only have CBM and F1 and the saved screen can be destroyed by the freeze
mode sometimes. This is due to less available RAM on old AR cartridges. 64kb ROMs
will use the 32kb RAM available and shouldn't cause problems here.


'''CBM & F7''' will be used in the future to enter the '''SilverSurfer''' mode during
monitor or basic mode. Menumodes on PowerUp and Freezer will support automatic detection
of SilverSurfer initiated commands.

Play a little with it. Hope you like it.


==TOOLKIT COMMANDS==

A number of extra basic commands are provided, which operate in direct mode. The commands may 
be abbreviated by typing just the first three characters.

'''MONITOR''' or '''MON''' will start the [[#MACHINE CODE MONITOR|machine code monitor]].


'''OLD''' will recover a basic program which has just been NEWed.

'''DELETE''' or '''DEL''' will delete a block of program lines. Syntax is like LIST except that the
first line to be deleted must be specified e.g. DEL 1000-2000 will delete lines
1000 to 2000 inclusive. DEL 1000- will delete from line 1000 to the end of the
program.

'''LINESAVE''' or '''LIN''' will save to disk a section of a basic program e.g.:
LIN &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8,1000-2000 will save program lines from 1000 to 2000 inclusive.
Lines saved in this way may be loaded back as separate basic programs, or MERGED
into other programs.


'''MERGE''' or '''MER''' loads a basic program from disk and combines it with a program in memory if two lines 
have the same number, the new line replaces the existing line. A program may also be merged
with new line numbers e.g.: MERGE &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8 merges a program with the program in memory.
MERGE &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8,1000,10 will renumber the lines before they are merged, starting with
line 1000 and incrementing in steps of 10 GOTO & GOSUB statements will NOT be renumbered.
Merging into a long program is a lengthy process, so be patient.

'''APPEND''' or '''APP''' differs from MERGE in that the new program is tagged onto the end of the previous one.
It also occurs at turbo speed, e.g.: APP &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8 loads the program starting at the end of
the previous one. For Append to be useful, the program to be appended should have line numbers
greater than the existing program.


'''AUTO''' or '''AUT''' provides automatic line numbering as you type in a program, e.g.: AUTO 1000,10 starts
automatic line numbering at line 1000 and increments in steps of 10. To turn AUTO off, press
RETURN against a blank line. If you subsequently want to continue automatic numbering type AUTO
on its own and numbering will continue from the last line number which was automatically displayed.

'''FIND''' or '''FIN''' will perform a search on the basic program currently in ram and when a line contains matches
to the given string, it'll be returned as result.
<pre>
Examples:   FIND REM
            FIND 20
            FIND POKE53282
            FIND LIVES
</pre>

Exceptions apply like this: the given string will be tokenized and whenever it contains a basic keyword,
that will be converted as well. So you will probably not find the string &quot;MONKEY&quot; since it has 
ON in it. Putting the string into quotes won't help either, since they will be searched for as well. Also
note that FIND needs a SPACE right after the command.

''Please mail me about bugs concerning this specific command.''

'''BOOT''' will load a machine code file and jump to the first address loaded. E.G. You have a program
which you would normally load with LOAD &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8,1 followed by a SYS number. BOOT will perform
the same function . NOTE that BOOT will only work when the program is started by SYSing to the
first address loaded. Syntax: BOOT &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8.


'''PLIST''' will list any basic program directly from disk to a CBM printer (device 4), without overwriting
the program in memory. Syntax: PLIST &quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8 . This command can also be used to print the directory
PLIST&quot;$&quot;,8 . PLIST won't work with machine code and sequential files.

'''SLIST''' is the same as PLIST except that output is to the screen.

'''OFF''' & '''ON''' - used to switch the disk turbo routines off and on.


'''COPY''' or '''COP''' will start the [[#THE DISK FILECOPIER|Disk Filecopier]].
NOTE: @C is gone, it collided with @CP for CMD Drives and the original copy command from CBM.

'''BACKUP''' or '''BAC''' will start the [[#THE WHOLE DISK BACKUP|Whole Disk Backup]]

NOTE: @B is gone.

'''ZAP''' will reset the computer and disable the RR, just like Reset + CTRL Key. 
Locations $0000-$07ff will be corrupted, and $0800 - $0803 is restored to enable running of machine 
language programs with a SYS header. Basic programs won't have the pointers set correctly, 
so it may be necessary to re-load after the ZAP command. (or using normal reset?)

'''RENUM''' or '''REN''' (64 kb only)

This command will renumber your basic program currently in memory. It takes two parameters separated 
by a comma. These are the starting line number and the step size in which the line numbers are to be 
incremented.
<pre>
Example: RENUM 1000,1
</pre>

'''TASS''' or '''TAS''' (64 kb only)
This command simply copies a version of Turbo Assembler into ram from $9000-$cf00. A non-ram using 
version will be implemented soon. Checky is working on this.

'''BASIC EXTENSION'''
Hex ($), binary (%) and octal (&amp;) numbers can also be included in basic expressions, e.g. SYS 49152 
could be entered as SYS $C000.

==CENTRONICS PRINTER INTERFACE==


RR can drive a Centronics printer connected to the parallel port. If a parallel device is connected and
active, any output to the printer (device 4) will automatically be sent to the parallel port. Note that 
you need a suitable connecting cable before you can use a parallel printer. The interface will normally 
perform any necessary character translation, including most graphic characters, but you can also send 
untranslated characters or &quot;escape codes&quot; e.g. to change style and formatting.

To print a Basic program enter:
<pre>
OPEN 4,4:CMD4:LIST
</pre>
When printing is complete enter
<pre>
PRINT#4:CLOSE 4
</pre>
To send special printer codes and untranslated characters you need to open a special channel (secondary
channel 9). Here is an example:
<pre>
10 OPEN 4,4   : REM OPEN A NORMAL CHANNEL TO THE PRINTER
20 OPEN 9,4,9 : REM OPEN A COMMAND CHANNEL
30 PRINT#9,CHR$(27)+CHR$(87)+CHR$(1);: REM EXPANDED PRINT ON
40 PRINT#4,&quot;THE QUICK BROWN FOX&quot;

50 PRINT#9,CHR$(27)+CHR$(87)+CHR$(0);: REM EXPANDED PRINT OFF
60 PRINT#4,&quot;THE QUICK BROWN FOX&quot;
70 CLOSE 4:CLOSE 9: REM CLOSE PRINTER CHANNELS
</pre>
This short example should print &quot;THE QUICK BROWN FOX&quot; in double width characters and again
in normal size characters. Note the semicolon (;) at the end of the command string - this prevents a
carriage return from being sent at the end of the command string. Refer to your printer manual for
details of other special commands. Most, but not all commands begin with the &quot;escape character&quot; CHR$(27). The interface prints
according to the screen mode - you switch between &quot;Business&quot; and &quot;Graphics&quot; modes
by pressing SHIFT & CBM together.


If you find that everything gets printed on the same line, you need to set a special DIP Switch on 
your printer to make the paper move down at the end of each line (a Linefeed). Again, refer to your 
printer manual. If your printer cannot do this, you can send a special command to CyberpunX Replay which 
forces a linefeed with each carriage return:

@PLF - causes a linefeed to be sent with every carriage return.

You can also print characters direction with @P, e.g.
<pre>
@P&quot;THE QUICK BROWN FOX&quot;

@P 27,87,1 &quot;THE QUICK BROWN FOX&quot; 27,87,0 &quot;THE QUICK BROWN FOX'&quot;

</pre>
The second example does the same as the Basic program listed above. Note how you can mix command 
sequences and strings on the same line.

The @P command works in Direct mode, or in the Machine Code
Monitor, but not from within a program.
<pre>
@P* - dumps the entire text content of the screen.

@P** - works in the Freeze Monitor, it dumps the frozen screen.
</pre>
''Hope all of these printer commands still work. Someone test and let me know!''

----

=MACHINE CODE MONITOR=

CyberpunX Replay includes a powerful extended Machine Code Monitor. To call the Monitor from Fastload, 
enter MON or press F8. The Monitor is also available from the Freeze Menu. In this mode all of the memory
including the screen, stack and zero page may be examined in its condition at the point at which the program
was frozen.


All 64K of memory remains unaffected by the Freeze Monitor. Any alterations made will be incorporated
into the program when it is restarted or saved. A working knowledge of 6502 assembly language and Hex
notation is required by the user, if the Monitor is to be used effectively. Some of the Monitor instructions
can cause the system to crash if the user is not fully aware of what is going on.

==COMMAND SUMMARY==

<pre>
A      - Assemble.
B      - Execute a Basic command.
C      - Compare memory.
D      - Disassemble.
F      - Fill memory.
G      - Go. Execute program as per register display.
H      - Hunt for byte/text-sequence.
IO     - Displays I/O registers (freeze mode only).
I      - Interpret memory as CBM codes. Acts as I* now.
I*     - Interpret memory as CBM codes. As usual.
J      - Interpret memory as ASCII codes. Former I function.
L      - Load.
M      - Display memory in Hex.
N      - Number conversion.
P      - (prefix).  Direct output to the printer (device 4).
R      - Display registers at entry or freeze time.
S      - Save.
T      - Transfer memory.
V      - Verify.
W      - Watch Freeze/BreakPoints.
X      - Exit to Basic or Freeze Menu.
*      - Toggle RAM/ROM modes.
@      - Read error channel or send disk command.
@(dev) - Changes device and display status.
@#(dev)- Only changes device.
$      - Display directory.
</PRE>
Special disk related commands only available in MON:
<PRE>
@*8    - Access drive memory (device 8).
@*9    - Access drive memory (device 9).
@*     - Return access to computer memory.
@ME    - Execute memory in disk drive.
@BR    - Read a disk sector into computer memory.
@BW    - Write a sector from computer memory to disk.
</pre>


'''Note:'''
Whenever using one of the commands to edit memory locations,
just go over the line, edit as needed and hit RETURN to accept the changes.

'''CBM+Return''' will keep you in this editmode and present the next editable
line to you. Simple Return accepts the changes and leaves editmode. '''SHIFT+RETURN'''
leaves editmode without accepting changes.

==DESCRIPTION OF COMMANDS==

'''Important Notes:'''

When an end address is specified it should be exclusive.
The end address is one Byte greater than the last address to be
operated on e.g.:

<PRE>
.S&quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8,C000,D000 saves up to but not including D000.
</PRE>
Usually all numbers you enter after a command are interpreted as hex. (An exception is drive numbers which
are always decimal). You can also force the commands to deal with decimal numbers by using a leading plus
(+) sign. You will need to enter the numbers in high/low order and only 0-255 are accepted.
<PRE>
Examples:  M +0+186    - start hexdump at $00ba
           I +32+0     - start asciidump at $2000
</PRE>
A trailing hyphen (-) will scroll the output until you abort it with run/stop or start controlling it using
the F-keys.
<PRE>
Examples:  M 1000 -    - hexdump from $1000 to xxx
           I 3000 -    - asciidump from $3000 to xxx
</PRE>
'''1) EXAMINING MEMORY.'''

Memory may be examined in Hex/ASCII, Disassembly, or Interpreted as ASCII or screen codes:
<PRE>

.D C000 D000 - disassemble from $C000 to $D000.
.M C000 D000 - display memory from $C000 to $D000.
.I C000 D000 - interpret Screen Codes from $C000 to $D000.
.D C000      - disassemble one instruction at $C000.
.M C000-     - display memory from $C000 onwards.
.D           - disassemble from the current address onwards.
.I*          - interpret Screen Codes from the current address.
.J           - interpret ASCII from the current address.
</PRE>
''This acts as former '''I''' now and displays memory in ASCII format. Most PPL use '''I*''' all
the time anyways. I took a glance at the excellent DreaMon and it handles this in a similar way.''

The display can be controlled in two ways:

a) Function keys F5 and F7 cause continual scrolling up or down respectively. Set for fast scanning through
memory. Any other key will stop or start the display. F5 and F7 change the direction of the scroll. STOP or
CURSOR DOWN returns to the input prompt.

b) Cursor Up and Cursor Down will scroll the display by one line at the top or bottom of the screen and
return to input prompt. Best for editing. Memory may be altered - type over any byte, code or mnemonic and
press RETURN. A question mark indicates an error.


'''2) BANK SWITCHING. '''

On entry, the Monitor is in RAM mode - all systems ROM's are switched out during memory access. To access
the ROM's and I/O devices, use the * command, which toggles between the two modes.

In normal Monitor mode this also enables the cart ROM mirroring. I* 8000 will show you a dump of that
area. (Usually bank 1 as that's where the monitor and toolkit routines mainly work.)

In FREEZE monitor mode this command also enables mirroring of $0000 to
$09ff of the Cartridge RAM (!). (Written in this etext originally
A good hint as well is(In Freeze Mode ofcoz):
<pre>
*                       ; Switch Ram-Rom ON
@BR (track)(sector) 09  ; Loads a block from disk into the RR RAM.
@BW (track)(sector) 09  ; Saves the modded block, but this way none of the normal RAM gets
                          corrupted, and flawlessly restarting the frozen program is possible.
</pre>
'''3) ASSEMBLY.'''
<pre>
.A C000 LDA #$01
</pre>
Assemble an instruction in standard 6502 mnemonics at $C000. The next memory address will be displayed
ready for the next instruction.


''Before you had to enter the $ all the time to assemble properly. Now the monitor assumes Hex all the time.''
<pre>
 LDA 01     will turn into LDA $01
 LDA 1000,X will turn into LDA $1000,X
 LDA (FE),Y will turn into LDA ($FE),Y
 etc...
</pre>
'''4) REGISTER DISPLAY.'''
<pre>
.R
</pre>
The program counter, A, X & Y registers, location $01 and the stack pointer are displayed in Hex. The
Status register is displayed in Binary. Alter registers by typing over the relevant byte or flag (and
hit return on that line).

'''5) FILL MEMORY'''
<pre>

.F C000 D000 AA
</pre>
Fill memory from $C000 to $D000 with the byte $AA.

''Now supports pattern fill as well.''
<pre>
 .F C000 D000 &quot;count zero rules da memory!!!&quot;
 .F C000 D000 ee 20 d0
</pre>
'''6) HUNT MEMORY'''
<pre>

.H C000 D000 01 02 03
.H C000 D000 &quot;STRING&quot;
.H C000 D000 8D 2? d0
.H C000 D000 20 ?? 10
</pre>
Hunt through memory for a sequence of bytes or an ASCII string. If any occurrence is detected, the address
will be displayed.

''Wildcard hunt added.''
Hunt is using a certain priority to search memory. Wildcard hunt as well as ordinary pattern hunt are
only performed when no stacking is done. In this example, only the string search will be performed:
<pre>
  H C000 D000 01 02 03 &quot;TEST&quot;
</pre>
In general, command stacking only works on a few locations, so it's a good idea to avoid it.
Only on the disk command Scratch, filename stacking is a good idea sometimes.


'''7) COMPARE'''
<pre>
.C C000 D000 E000
</pre>
Compare the area of memory from $C000 to $D000 with memory starting at $E000. If there is any discrepancy,
the memory locations will be displayed together with the bytes at those locations.

''This has optimized and colored output now.''

'''8) TRANSFER MEMORY'''
<pre>
.T C000 D000 E000
</pre>
Move memory starting at $C000 and ending at $D000 memory starting at $E000. This is an intelligent
transfer - memory areas may overlap and may be moved either up or down in memory.


'''9) GO'''
<pre>
.G C000
</pre>
Load registers as per the register display and start executing the machine code program starting at
$C000. The program may end with either a BRK or an RTS instruction.

'''10) NUMBER CONVERSION'''
<pre>
.N $C000
.N 49152
.N %10101010
.N $C000+$FF
.N $FF-1+$4000
.N $FF00/(2 * $AA)
</pre>
Displays the result of an expression in HEX, DECIMAL and BINARY. If the expression is a single byte
value, a PETASCII character is displayed.

'''11) OUTPUT TO PRINTER'''

<pre>
.PM C000 D000
.PH C000 D000 &quot;STRING&quot;
</pre>
P is used as a prefix to another command. Memory display will be directed to the printer (device 4).
Hold STOP to quit.

'''12) EXECUTE A BASIC COMMAND'''
<pre>
.BPRINT 8*256
.BPRINT &quot;TEST&quot;
.BPLIST             ''DOES THIS WORK ? I have no printer :)''
</pre>

This function only works with ordinary Basic commands, not the extension commands. Only the first basic
command will be executed.

'''13) LOAD, SAVE & VERIFY'''
<pre>
.L&quot;PROGNAME&quot;
.L&quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8,C000
.S&quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8,C000,D000
.S&quot;PROGNAME&quot;,8,C000,D000,E000
.V&quot;PROGNAME&quot;

</pre>
Load, Save, Verify. If a load address is specified, the program will be loaded to that location, otherwise
it will be loaded to the address from which it was saved. Save requires a start and end address, which should
be one byte after the last address to be saved. If an additional address is added to the save addresses,
this will be saved as the reload address of the program (disk only). All disk I/O uses RAM locations.

NOTE: You cannot load and save memory below $0800 if the Monitor was entered from the Freeze Menu.

''It is possible to save that area using the Memory Saver in freezer's Saveland now. Remember that the
ending address is exclusive. You may save address $FFFF by using $0000 as the ending address. 
(I prefer to set IRQ's manually.)''
<pre>
.S&quot;NAME&quot;,8,0800,0000
</pre>
NOTE: Tape accesses are '''avoided''' by the monitor now.


'''14) I/O REGISTERS'''
<pre>
.IO
</pre>
Displays the I/O registers $DC00-$DC0F,$DD00-$DD0F & $D000-$D02E. Any alternations will be incorporated
on Restart or Backup. This command only works if the Monitor was called from the Freeze Menu.

'''15) WATCH FREEZE/BREAK-POINTS'''
<pre>
.W
</pre>
Displays the memory locations of the Freeze- and Break-Points and only works in freeze mode monitor.
Freezepoints are displayed in white color, Breakpoints in gray color. Disassembling freezepoints will
show you the obligatory JSR $DFD3. Having it set using the SF command and restarting will restart at
the location where the $DFD3 was hit. When setting it manually in a program with the assemble 
command the next command will be executed after restart.

''Hope this is somewhat clear, at least to the pros.''


==DISK MONITOR FUNCTIONS==

In monitor mode all the usual disk command options work as normal. This includes device changing using 
@(device) and @#(device). Output for the error channel using @ was changed a little to save display space.
The monitor mode also has some additional functions, described below.

'''Access drive memory'''
<pre>
Syntax: @* (read device) (write device)
</pre>
Device 0 indicates that the &quot;device&quot; is computer Ram. If no write device is specified, the write device will
be set to the read device number. If no parameters are specified, then the monitor reverts to its default
(read and write to computer Ram).
<pre>
Examples:
  @*8   Read and write to device 8.
  @*89  Read from device 8, write to device 9.
  @*80  Read from device 8, write to computer Ram.
  @*08  Read from computer Ram, write to device 8.
  @*    Return to default.

</pre>
All the Monitor's memory access commands can be used with drive memory. Memory can be transferred between
devices by setting up the required parameters before using the T command.

''As this is a real hardcore hack option, I decided to not mess with the line parsing AGAIN and limit this
to devices 8 and 9. Devices 10-30 are not possible here.''

'''OTHER DISK COMMANDS'''
<pre>
@ME (address) - executes a program in drive memory.
@BR (TRACK) (SECTOR) (MEMORY PAGE).
@BW (TRACK) (SECTOR) (MEMORY PAGE).
</pre>
These are block read and write commands. If no memory page is specified, then page $CF will be used.
<pre>
@BR 12 01 40 - Read track 18, sector 1 to page $4000.
@BW 11 00 40 - Write page $40 to track 17, sector 0.
</pre>
You can specify decimal notation for the track and sector numbers by prefixing with the + character.
Separate the parameters with a comma.
<pre>

@BR +18,+1,40 - same as the above example.
</pre>
Take care when writing a disk block - if you accidentally specify the wrong parameters, you could trash
the disk.

''These routines should work fine on devices 8-30.''

==FREEZE & BREAK POINTS==

Please read [[#Appendix C]] aswell about different cartridge RAM configurations.

From the Freeze Monitor, you can set explicit Freeze and Break points in a program. Up to five Freeze or
Break points can be set, which are cleared when program control passes to the Monitor. Following are the Freeze
and Break instructions:

<pre>
SF - Set Freeze Point
SZ - Set Break Point
RF - Remove Freeze Point
RZ - Remove Break Point
</pre>
To set a Freeze or Break point, disassemble the required part of the program, and type the command at the
address at which the program should be interrupted.
<pre>
.> C000 A9 41    LDA #$41
.> C002 20 D2 FF JSR $FFD2
.> C005 60       RTS

.> C002 SF D2 FF JSR $FFD2 &lt;RETURN&gt;   ;Modify location $C002
.> C002 20 D3 DF JSR $DFD3            ;Freeze Point is set
</pre>
Control will pass to the Freeze Monitor at address $C002 and the original instruction (JSR $FFD2) is
restored.

You can explicitly clear a Freeze or Break point by typing RF or RZ at the address.

''A Break point may also be referred to as a Zero Point. The use of CF, CB, and SB interfered with the
opcodes CLI, CLV, CLD, CLC, and SBC, and were changed therefore.''


Freeze and Break points act exactly as if you had pressed the freeze button, but you can precisely
control the point at which the program is frozen. Breaks pass through the IRQ vector at $FFFE and the
break vector at $0316, so they are not suitable for programs which modify these vectors.

Freeze points don't use these vectors, so they are particularly useful for programs (e.g. most games) which
switch out the kernal ROM. However, because they use three bytes of code, you need to be careful not to
place a Freeze at a point where program control may hit the second or third bytes of the freeze instruction,
or you will crash the machine. The I/O ROM ($D000) must also be switched in.

Freeze points can be set only from the Freeze Monitor. You can directly place a freeze instruction (JSR $DFD3) 
using either the Monitor (in which case it will act as a subroutine, calling the Freeze Monitor and returning to
the next instruction), or you can call the freezer from a Basic program with SYS 57299. On restart, the program
will continue.

( Warning ! On REU-compatible RR-ROMs, the mentioned adress changes ! What to use exactly, please see from setting a freezepoint with the SF command in freeze-monitor.)


Remember - if you find that a program will not load when the cartridge is plugged in - switch the computer
off and on, and select NORMAL RESET instead of configuring the memory, before loading the program.

''As an expert I gotta say: Remember - Always clear your ram, but that would differ from the last
sentence, hm? :)''

----

=Miscellaneous Tips=


Here are some under-documented functions and things to know.

==NOTES FOR THE 1571 DRIVE==

Switch to double sided mode with the following.
<pre>
  @U0>M1   or   OPEN 15,8,15,&quot;U0>M1&quot;:CLOSE 15
</pre>
In this mode, both sides of the disk are used, giving twice the storage
space when the disk is formatted. To switch to single sided (1541) mode:
<pre>
  @U0>M0   or   OPEN 15,8,15,&quot;U0>M0&quot;:CLOSE 15

</pre>
The drive powers up in 1541 mode when connected to a 64, so enter the command
mentioned before if you wish to use double sided mode.

NOTE: Side two of a double-sided disk cannot be read by a 1541 drive.

==NOTES FOR THE 1581 DRIVE==

Some samples of this drive are not very happy when working with a 64 
or 128 in 64 mode. If you find that the system hangs when reading the 
directory or error channel you should press STOP/RESTORE and enter the 
following commands:
<pre>
  @U0>B0
  @U0>B0 or OPEN 15,8,15,&quot;U0>B0&quot;:PRINT#15,&quot;U0>B0&quot;:CLOSE 15

NOTE: The same command is entered twice. It is only necessary with early
      samples of the drive and should be entered each time you switch on the
      drive or reset the system.
</pre>

''Burning a new drive rom for the 1581 usually fixes this problem. Sometimes
replacing the controller is needed, but getting these is hard. Also the 1581
JiffyDOS works fine with the CyberpunX Replay Fastloader.''

''IMHO CyberpunX Replay & JiffyDOS on all devices is one of the best stock compatible
systems I know.''

==FASTLOAD turbos & interfaces==

FASTSAVE & DISKCOPY use an interleave of 8.

The CENTRONICS interface emulates channel 4 & 5 serial
printers. If you have both serial & centronics printers the
first has higher priority (use ONLINE on printer if necessary).
Without secondary addr your printer emulates MPS801 characters,
but with secondary address 9 on CENTRONICS native(raw) chars will be
printed.


==FASTLOAD & TOOLKIT==

If your filename in save was &quot;*&quot; the program will be named &quot;&quot;.
To get rid of it again, use @s: without name as well.
@R:*=filename will rename the file to &quot;&quot;.
You should only do this to the first program on disk, to be able
to load it back using &quot;:*&quot; as filename ...

Never try to access location $DE00-$DEFF, because internal
configuration register latch up by any read or write command.
This means, that data currently on the bus will trash the $de00 register.


''This is the notorious $DExx-read bug on old Action Replay hardware. This
bug is fixed on the RR-hardware.''


----
=Appendix A=
==64 kb only features==

Features which are only available on the 64 kb version of the rom:
<pre>
SILVERSURFER - <a href="silversurfer/ar_silversurfer.html" target="mainframe">SilverSurfer</A> capabilities are only available on new RR hardware.

FREEZE TURBO LOAD - New RR hardware has more RAM and therefore allows real turbo-speed on load while being in freezer.
TASS  - <a href="#tass">Turbo Assembler</a>
</pre>
TASS is only available as plain RAM version on all Beta 3.x 64kb versions!
The 64kb ROM version supplied with Retro Replay hardware contains the TOOL
command and therefore had no space for TASS. Flash the latest 64kb version
to get TASS working. Future ROMs (after 4.x) will most likely contain the
new TASS Macro ROM-based version.

----
=Appendix B=
==Programming Tips==

Many people know this:
<pre>

 sei
 lda #$00
 sta $de00
 jmp $fce2
</pre>
This routine will take you straight to the powerup menu of
the cart and is a rather nice way to quit your programs.
LDA #$08 will take you straight to the Fastload Toolkit.
If no Replay is present, a normal Reset will be performed.

I have been looking around in the sources to find useful routines
which can be used without much danger, but there were
only two I found useful.
<pre>
 sei
 lda #$10
 sta $de00; switch bank 2 on
 jsr $8118; Dir Rout
 lda #$0a
 sta $de00; switch back to basic extension bank 1
 cli
 rts
</pre>
This program will display the directory using the internal
cart routine. $BA needs to have the device number set correctly.
Changing the JSR to $811B will display the device status.

Utilising the Retro Replay RAM:

First a short note about the RAM Configuration. While being
in Basic Toolkit the first bank of the cartridge is usually switched
in. RAM sits from $8000 - $9fff 'under/over' the actual Cart Bank.
When using the Disk Turbo the RAM will be used for buffering data.
The same goes for most freezer operations, but still it's rather simple
to use the additional RAM and I really hope some people come up with
new interesting programs using the ram.
<pre>
 sei
 lda #$23
 sta $de00  ; turns RAM on at $8000, ROM Bank 0 at $e000
            ; use LDA #$20 to only turn on RAM at $8000

... do your stuff here ...

 lda #$0a
 sta $de00  ; back to first bank
 cli
 rts

</pre>
THAT'S IT ! Simple, hm ??? Now tell me again programming RR is hard. :)
WELL, a good idea is turn the screen off or wait for $d012 to be in the upper
or lower border though.

=Apendix C=
==Writing own extensions==

When writing parameter extensions for the freezer you may want to access
areas, which are currently backed up into the internal RAM. Therefore a (longish)
routine is already installed in memory when being in Freeze-Mode, which does
the address translation for you and gets the correct byte.

To check it out yourself, enter the monitor from the Freeze Menu and
hit '''*''' to switch the RAM/ROM Config.
Now you can disassemble the routine at '''$02a7'''.

That routine should be used on any accesses to ordinary RAM from $0000 to
$1500 by your Parameter Extension.
Zeropage $8e/$8f has to have the address you are looking for, Akku needs to have
the value you want to write, Y-Register needs to be $00. JSR $02a7 and off it is. :)
For reading a byte from the area mentioned before, JSR $02b3 does the trick.

In case you have code that is slowed down too much by these routines, just use
$23 (or $20) on $de00 to turn the RAM on and $00 on $de00 to switch back to Bank 0 of the
cart (Freezer-Bank). Please keep in mind, that you have to know more precisely what
you are looking for when directly using $de00. (See [[#Appendix C|Appendix C]] for more info.)

The user-area for your extension programs is from $0a00 to $1500.

'''ATTENTION'''! Programs exceeding $1500 will kill the memory of the frozen
program from $1500 to the end of the extension.

''Warning''! Using the Pokefinder when having an extension loaded kills
the memory page at $1000 on normal Action Replay and RR prior to Beta4.

As soon as you restart and the Disk Turbo is used, your extension is gone anyways. :)
('''Except for Retro Replay 64kb version from Beta4 and on.''')

Hey, your extension filename needs to start with '''E.''' to have the loader recognize it. :)
A simple RTS is enough to return to the freezer menu, but if you trashed the stack a JMP ($0334)
may help aswell. Don't forget to re-enable Bank0 by writing $00 to $de00.
As for the rest, you may do about anything you like. Just be aware that trashing the memory
really affects the frozen RAM and that anything below $1500 needs to be accessed using the $02a7/$02b3
routines.


The following lines are taken from the prlink-source-code and will probably be what you have been waiting for ... :)

Old '''Action Replay''' hardware has one write-only I/O register at $de00-$deff. ''The ONE register is $de00.''

Its bits are as follows:

<pre>
; 7 - unused
; 6 - Resets FREEZE-mode (turns back to normal mode)
; 5 - 1=enable RAM at ROML ($8000) & I/O2 ($DF00, =$9F00-$9FFF)
; 4 - ROM bank selector high (A14)
; 3 - ROM bank selector low (A13)
; 2 - 1=disable cartridge (turn off the $de00 register)
; 1 - 1=-EXROM high
; 0 - 1=-GAME low
</pre>

'''Retro Replay''' hardware has a compatible but heavily extended register-set.

<pre>
;$de00 write: This register is reset to $00 on a hard reset if not in flash
;             mode. If in flash mode, it is set to $02 in order to prevent the
;             computer from starting the normal cartridge.
;
;             Bit 7 - controls bank-address 15 for ROM banking
;             Bit 6 - must be set once to "1" after a successful freeze in order to set the correct memory map
;                     and enable Bits 0 and 1 of this register. Otherwise no effect.
;             Bit 5 - switches between ROM and RAM: 0=ROM, 1=RAM
;             Bit 4 - controls bank-address 14 for ROM and RAM banking
;             Bit 3 - controls bank-address 13 for ROM and RAM banking
;             Bit 2 - Setting this bit will disable further write accesses to all registers & reset the c64 memory map
;                     to standard, as if there is no cartridge installed at all.
;             Bit 1 controls the EXROM line: A 0 will assert it, a 1 will deassert it.
;             Bit 0 controls the GAME  line: A 1 asserts the line, a 0 will deassert it.


;$de01 write: Extended control register. If not in Flash mode, this register
;             can only be written to once. If in Flash mode, the REUcomp bit
;             cannot be set, but the register will not be disabled by the
;             first write. Bit 5 is always set to 0 if not in flash mode.

;             Bit 7 - bank-address 15 for ROM (mirror of $de00)
;             Bit 6 - REU compatibility bit. 0=standard memory map
;                                            1=REU compatible memory map
;             Bit 5 - bank-address 16 for ROM (only in flash mode)
;             Bit 4 - bank-address 14 for RAM and ROM (mirror of $de00)
;             Bit 3 - bank-address 13 for RAM and ROM (mirror of $de00)
;             Bit 2 - NoFreeze   (1 disables Freeze function)
;             Bit 1 - AllowBank  (1 allows banking of RAM in $df00/$de02 area)
;             Bit 0 - enable accessory connector (SilverSurfer).


;$de00 read or $de01 read:
;             Bit 7 - feedback of banking bit 15
;             Bit 6 - 1=REU compatible memory map active
;             Bit 5 - feedback of banking bit 16
;             Bit 4 - feedback of banking bit 14
;             Bit 3 - feedback of banking bit 13
;             Bit 2 - 1=Freeze button pressed
;             Bit 1 - feedback of AllowBank bit 
;             Bit 0 - 1=Flashmode active (jumper set)
</PRE>

To disable the cart: 
<PRE>
	sei
	lda #$14
	sta $de00
	jsr $e453
	cli
	rts
</PRE>
should work pretty well.


This results in the values $00, $08, $10 and $18 for Banks 0,1,2 and 3.
$80, $88, $90, $98 is used for Banks 4,5,6 and 7 on the new 64kb ROMs.

$0A in $de00 will take you to a safe basic environment.

The new registers take us to:

----
=Appendix D=
==Memory Mapping==


The newly introduced bits on the Retro Replay hardware allow some new fancy things and allow more
compatibility with already existing hardware, but the experts should know about some things.

$de00/$df00 are the memory pages where a cartridge can have a memory page mapped in.
Bit 6 of $de01 sets the page which is used to map in the IO-Page.
Since this register is write once (except for bit 0), the cartridge reset routine usually
sets this bit to its correct value.
Whenever a REU-compatible memory map is used, $de10 to $deff will be used to map in a mirror of
$9e10 to $9eff. $dfxx is free for REU then.
The default for the RR hardware is to run with the IO area mapped to $df00-$dfff. This is
Action Replay compatible behaviour and the mirror comes from $9f00 to $9fff then.
The SilverSurfer serial interface uses registers from $de02 to $de0f when plugged in and
activated. Therefore the routines in the IO areas (which are absolutely needed) have been shortened
as much as possible and will require further optimizations aswell.

The '''RR-RAM''' is something special. Setting bit 5 of $de00 activates the RAM of your RR hardware,
just like on AR hardware. While trying to use the banking bits 3 and 4 along with bit 5 has no effect
on plain AR hardware, the new hardware will map in one of the four available 8kb RAM banks.
Just like the ROM banks, the RAM is mapped in from $8000 to $9fff.


Bit 1 of $de01 allows you to select a more flexible RAM banking.
If the AllowBank bit is not set, the $de02-$deff or $dfxx area will always
mirror from bank 0 of the RAM, so the older cartridge images will work.
With the bit set, the RR will use the selected RAM bank to map in the IO area.

We will currently keep this bit unset, since this gives the advantage that the
upper 3 RAM banks can be used completely and not every time $100 hexbytes have to be wasted
around $9e00/$9f00.

'''PLEASE NOTE''' that you should ONLY use the set/clear freeze and breakpoint commands from the
monitor with their tokens!

I know many people writing the JSR $dfd3 manually, but since the adress will change, I recommend
to keep this in mind!


A final word about the '''FLASH MODE''':
I was asked a few times already about how to access the complete 128kb ROM contents.
The Flash Mode has another control bit at $de01 which is used to select all of the 128kb chip.
It is not possible to use this bit during normal operation.

[[Category:CyberpunX_Replay]]